Foreign Invaders

Dynasty XXXI

From this period on Kemet has been under the rule of foreign invaders. As European, Mediteranian and Middle Eastern empires expandad southwards they subjugated the Land of the Blacks. One should make no mistake about who built the original civilizations. Even as whites have ridiculed African -American culture then copied that very culture as if they had created it so they have done the same with Kemetian culture. Below are the names of those who have usurped our heritage.


Macedonian Kings
Ptolemaic Dynasty
Roman Emperors
Byzantine Christian Period
Islamic Period
Abbasid Rulers
Non-Abbasid Rulers
Tulunids
2nd Abbasid Rulers
Fatimid Rulers
Ayubbide Rulers
Bahari Mamlukes
Circassian (Burgi) Mamlukes
Ottoman Rulers
French Occupation Period
British Occupation Period

Macedonian Kings - Alexandria 332-304

Alexander the Great 332-323
Philip Arrhidaeus 323-316
Alexander IV 316-304
Ptolemaic Dynasty 323-40 BC
Ptolemy I Soter I 323-285
Ptolemy II Philadelphus 282-246
Ptolemy III Euergeter I 246-222
Ptolemy IV Philopator 222-205
Ptolemy V Epiphanes 205-180
Ptolemy VI Philometor 180-164 163-145
Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator 145
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II 170-163 & 145-116
Cleopatra III & Ptolemy IX Soter II 116-107 & 88-80
Cleopatra III & Ptolemy X Alexander I 107-88
Cleopatra Berenice 81-80
Ptolemy XI Alexander II 80
Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos 80-58 & 55-51
Berenice IV 58-55
Cleopatra VII & Ptolemy XIII 51-47
Cleopatra & Ptolemy XIV 47-44
Cleopatra VII & Ptolemy XV Cesarion 44-30 BC

Roman Emperors 30 BC-324 AD

Augustus 30 B.C. - 14 A.D.
Tiberius 14-37
Gaius Caligula 37-41
Claudius 41-54
Nero 54-68
Galba 68-69
Otho 69
Vitellius 69
Vespasianus 69-79
Titus 79-81
Domitianus (Domitian) 81-96
Nerva 96-98
Trajanus (Trajan) 98-117
Hadrianus (Hadrian) 117-138
Antoninus Pius 138-161
Marcus Aurelius 161-180
Lucius Verrus
Commodus 180-192
Pertinax 193
Didius Julianus 193
Septimus Severus 193-211
Caracalla 211-217
Macrinus 217-218
Heliogabalus 218-222
Alexander Severus 222-235
Maximinus 235-238
Pupienus 238
Gordianus 238-244
Philippus 244-249
Decius 249-251
Gallus 251-253
Valerianus 253-260
Gallienus 260-268
Claudius II 268-270
Aurelianus 270-275
Tacitus 275-276
Florianus 276
Probus 276-282
Carus 282-283
Numerianus 283-284
Diocletian 284-305
Galerius 305-311
Licinius 308-324

Byzantine Christian Period 306-634

Constantine I 306-37
Constantius II 337-61
Julian 361-63
Jovian 363-64
Valens 364-78
Gratian 367-83
Valentinian 375-92
Theodosius I 379-95
Arcadius 395-408
Theodosius II 408-50
Marcian 450-57
Leo I 457-74
Zeno 474-91
Anastasius I 491-518
Justin I 518-27
Justinian I 527-65
Justin II 565-78
Tiberius II 578-82
Maurice 582-602
Phocas 602-10
Heraclius 610-619
Chosroes II (Persian) 619-629
Heraclius 629-34


Islamic Period

Abbasid Rulers
Non-Abbasid Rulers
Tulunids
2nd Abbasid Rulers
Fatimid Rulers
Ayubbide Rulers
Bahari Mamlukes
Circassian (Burgi) Mamlukes
Ottoman Rulers

Abbasid Rulers

Saleh Ibn Ali Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abbas Ibn Abdul Mottalib Ibn Hisham (750-750 AD)
Abu Awn Abdul Malik Ibn Yazid (751-753 AD)
Saleh Ibn Ali Ibn Abdullah ibn Abbas Ibn Abdul Motallib Ibn Hisham (753-755 AD)
Abu Awn Abdul Malik Ibn Yazid (755-758 AD)
Moussa Ibn Ka’b Ibn Oyayna Ibn Aisha Ibn Amro Ibn Serri Ibn Aeiza Ibn al-Harith Ibn Emro’a al-Quays (758- 759 AD)
Mohammed Ibn al-Aha’th al-Khoza’i (759-759 AD)
Hamid Ibn Quahtaba (760- 762 AD)
Yazid Ibn Hatim al-Mohalabi (762- 772 AD)
Mohammed Ibn Abdul Rahman Ibn Muawya Ibn Hodeig (772 - 772 AD)
Moussa Ibn Ollai Ibn Rabah al-lakhmi (772- 778 AD)
Eissa Ibn Loquman al-Gomahi (778- 779 AD)
Wadih, Mawla of Abu Ga’far (779- 779 AD)
Mansour Ibn Yazid Ibn Mansour al-Re’ini (779- 779 AD)
Yahya Ibn Daoud al-horashi (Ibn Mamdoud) (779- 780 AD)
Salim Ibn Sawada al-Tamimi (780- 781 AD)
Ibrahin Ibn Saleh Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abbas (781- 784 AD)
Moussa Ibn Mous’ab al-Khath’ami (784-785 AD)
Asama Ibn Amro al-Ma’fri (785-785 AD)
Al-Fadl Ibn Saleh Ibn Ali al-Abbassi (785-785 AD)
Ali Ibn Salman al-Abbassi (786- 787 AD)
Moussa Ibn Eissa Ibn Moussa al-Abbassi (787-789 AD)
Muslima Ibn Yahia al-Bagli (789- 790 AD)
Mohammed Ibn Zoheir al-Azdi (790-790 AD)
Daoud Ibn Yazid al-Mouhallabi (790-791 AD)
Moussa Ibn Eissa Ibn Moussa al-Abbassi (791-792 AD)
Ibrahim Ibn Saleh Ibn Abdullah al-Abbassi (792-792 AD)
Abdullah Ibn al-Mousayyeb Ibn Zoheir al-Dabbi (792-793 AD)
Ishak Ibn Soliman (793-794 AD)
Harmatha Ibn A’youn (794-795 AD)
Abdullah Ibn al-Mosayyeb al-Abbassi (795 795 AD)
Abdullah Ibn al-Mahdi al-Abbassi (795-795 AD)
Moussa Ibn Eissa Ibn Moussa al-Abbassi (796-797 AD)
Oubeidullah Ibn al-Mahdi al-Abbassi (796-797 AD)
Ismail Ibn Saleh al-Abbassi (797-798 AD)
Ismail Ibn Eaissa al-Abbassi (789-798 AD)
Al-Layth Ibn al-Fadl (798-803 AD)
Ahmed Ibn Ismail Ibn Ali Ibn Abdullah al-Abbassi (803-805 AD)
Abdullah Ibn Mohammed al-Abbassi (Ibn Zeinab) (805-806 AD)
Al-Hussein Ibn Gamil (806-808 AD)
Malik Ibn Dalhem al-Kalbi (808-808 AD)
Al-Hassan Ibn al-Takhtakh (809-809 AD)
Hatim Ibn Harthama Ibn A’youn (810-811 AD)
Gaber Ibn Asha’th al-Ta’i (811-812 AD)
Abbad Ibn Mohammed Ibn Hayyan (812-813 AD)
Al-Mottab Ibn Abdullal al-Khoza’I, Rabei Awwal (813-814 AD)
Al-Abbass Ibn Moussa Ibn Eissa al-Abbassi (814-814 AD)
Al-Mottalib Ibn Abdullah al-Khoza’i (814-815 AD)
Al-Serri Ibn al-Hakam (815-816 AD)
Soliman Ibn Ghalib Ibn Gebril al-Bagli (816-817 AD)
Al-Serri Ibn al-Hakam (817-820 AD)
Abu al-Nassr Ibn al-Serri, Gomadi al-Akhera (820-822 AD)
Obeidullah Ibn al-Serri (822-822 AD)
Khalid Ibn Yazid Ibn Mazid al-Shibany (822-826 AD)
Abdullah Ibn Tahir Ibn al-Hussein (826-827 AD)
Eissan Ibn Yazid al-Gloudi (829-829 AD)
Omair Ibn al-Walid (829-829 AD)
Eissa Ibn Yazid al-Gloudi (829-830 AD)
Abd Waih Ibn Gabla (830-831 AD)
Caliph al-Ma’moun (831-832 AD)
Quaidar Nassr Ibn Abdullah (832-834 AD)
Mozzaffar Ibn Quaidar (834-834 AD)
Moussa Ibn Abi al-Abbass (834-839 AD)
Malik Ibn Quaidar (839-841 AD)
Ali Ibn Yahia al-Armani (841-843 AD)
Eissa Ibn al-Mansour (843- 847 AD)
Harthama Ibn al-Nadr al-Gabali (848- 849 AD)
Hatim Ibn Harthama Ibn al-Nadr (849-849 AD)
Ali Ibn Yahia al-Armani (849-850 AD)
Isshac Ibn Yahia Ibn Mo'az, (850-850 AD)
Khout Abdul Wahid Ibn Yahia (851-851 AD)
Anbassa Ibnn Isshac al-Dabbi (852-856 AD)
Non-Abbasid Rulers
Yazid Ibn Abdullah al-Tourki (856-867 AD)
Mozahim Ibn Khaqan (867- 868 AD)
Ahmed Ibn Mozahim Ibn Khaqan (868-868 AD)
Azgour al-Torki (868-868 AD)

Tulunids

Ahmad B. Tulan (Ibn Tulan)(868-884 AD)
Khumarawayh B. Ahmad (884-896 AD)
Abu al-Assaker Gaysh Ibn Khmaraweih Ahmed Ibn Tulan (896-896 AD)
Haroun Ibn Khmaraweih Ibn Ahmed Ibn Tulan (896-904 AD)
Sheiban Ahmed Ibn Tulan (Abu al-Manaquib) (904-904 AD)
2nd Abbasid Rulers
Eissa al-Noushari (905-910 AD)
Abu Mansour Tekin (910-915 AD)
Zaka Al-A'war (915-919 AD)
Abu Mansour Tekin (920-921 AD)
Hilal Ibn Badr (921- 923 AD)
Ahmed Ibn Keghlegh (923-924 AD)
Abu al-Mansour Tekin (924-933 AD)

Fatimid Rulers

Gawhar El-Sakali (969-973AD)
Al-Mezz Leideinallah (973-975AD)
Al-Aziz Leideinallah (975-996AD)
Al-Hakim Biamrallah (997-1020AD)
Al-Zahir Lazazdinallah ( 1020-1094AD)
Al-Mustansir Biallah ( 1035-1094AD)
Al-Mustali Biallah (1094-1101AD)
Al-Amir Biahkamallah (1101-1130AD)
Al-Hafiz Ledeinallah (1130-1149AD)
Al-Zafir Biamrallah (1149-1154AD)
Al-Faiz Binasrallah (1154-1160AD)
Al-Adid Leideinallah (1160-1171AD)
Ayubbide rulers
Saladin (Salah al-Din Yusuf Ibn Ayyub) (1174-1192AD)
Aziz Emad Eddin (1192-1198AD)
Mansour Nasser Eddin (1198-1200AD)
Adel Seif Eddin (1200-1218AD)
Kamil Nasser Eddin (1218-1238AD)
Seif Eddin Abu Bakr (1238-1240AD)
Salih Nigm Eddin (1240-1249AD)
Turanshah (1250AD)
Queen Shajarat El-Dur (1250AD)

Bahari Mamlukes

Sultan Ezz Eddin Aybak (1250-1257)
Sultan Nur Eddin ben Aybak (1257-1259)
Sultan Muzafar Seif Eddin Qutuz (1259-1260)
Sultan Zahir Rukn Eddin Baybars (1260-1277)
Sultan Said Nasser Eddin Baraka (1277-1279)
Sultan Adel Badr Eddin Salamish (1279)
Sultan Mansour Seif Eddin Qalawoon (1279-1290)
Sultan Ashraf Salah Eddin Khalil (1290-1293)
Sultan Nasser Mohamed Ben Qalawoon (first time) (1293-1294)
Sultan Adel Zeen Eddin Katubgha (1294-1296)
Sultan Mansour Hossam Eddin Lagin (1296-1298)
Sultan Nasser Mohamed Ben Qalawoon (second time) (1298-1309)
Sultan Muzafar Rukn Eddin Bybars (1309)
Sultan Nasser Mohamed Ben Qalawoon (third time) (1309-1340)
Sultan Mansour Seif Eddin Ben Mohamed (1340-1341)
Sultan Ashraf Alladin Ben Mohamed (1341-1342)
Sultan Nasser Shahab El-Dein Ben Mohamed (1342)
Sultan Saleh Emad Eddin Ben Mohamed (1342-1345)
Sultan Kamil Seif Eddin Ben Mohamed (1345-1346)
Sultan Muzafar Zein Eddin Ben Mohamed (1346-1347)
Sultan Nasser Hassan Ben Mohamed (first time)(1347-1351)
Sultan Salah Eddin Saleh Ben Mohamed (1351-1354)
Sultan Nasser Hassan Ben Mohamed (second time) (1354-1361)
Sultan Salah Eddin Mohamed Ben Hagi (1361-1363)
Sultan Ashraf Zeen Eddin Ben Hassan (1363-1376)
Sultan Mansour Aladin Ben Shaban (1376-1381)
Sultan Salih Zeen Edin Hagi (1381-1382)
Circassian (Burgi) Mamlukes
Sultan Zaher Barqooq (1382-1399)
Sultan Farag Ben Barqooq (first time) (1399-1405)
Sultan Abd El-Aziz Ben Barqooq (1405)
Sultan Farag Ben Barqooq (second time) (1405-1412)
Sultan Muyaid Sheikh (1412-1421)
Sultan Ahmed Ben Muyaid (1421)
Sultan Zaher Tatar (1421)
Sultan Nasser Mohamed Ben Tatar (1421)
Sultan Ashraf Barsbay (1422-1438)
Sultan Aziz Gamal Ben Barsabay (1438)
Sultan Zaher Gaqmaq (1438-1453)
Sultan Mansour Osman Ben Gaqmaq (1453)
Sultan Ashraf Inal (1453-1460)
Sultan Muayaid Ahmed Ben Inal (1460)
Sultan Zaher Khoshkadam (1461-1467)
Sultan Seif Eddin Yalbai (1467)
Sultan Zaher Tamarbagha (1467)
Sultan Khair Bey (1467)
Sultan Ashraf Qaitbay (1468-1496)
Sultan Ashraf Mohamed Ben Qaitbay (first time)(1496-1497)
Sultan Qansuh Khumsamaah (1497)
Sultan Ashraf Mohamed Ben Qaitbay (second time)(1497-1498)
Sultan Qansuh Ashrafi (1498-1500)
Sultan Ganblat (1500-1501)
Sultan Adel Tumanbay I (1501)
Sultan Ashraf Qansuh Ghori (1501-1516)
Sultan Tumanbay II (1517)
Ottoman Rulers
Khayer Pasha (1517-22)
Moustafa Pasha (1522-23)
Kouzlagah Pasha (1523)
Ahmed Pasha (1523)
Ibrahim Pasha (1524)
Suliman Pasha (1524-34)
Khissru Pasha (1524-36)
Suliman Pasha (second time)(1536-38)
Daoud Pasha (1538-49)
Moustafa Pasha (1549)
Ali Pasha (1549-54)
Mohamed Pasha (1554-56)
Iskander Pasha (1556-59)
Ali Pasha (1559-1560)
Mustafa Pasha (1560-63)
Ali Pasha (1563-1566)
Mohamed Pasha (1566-67)
Sanan Pasha (first time)(1567-68)
Garkas Pasha (1568-71)
Sanan Pasha (second time)(1571-73)
Hussein Pasha (1573-74)
Massih Pasha (1575-80)
Hassan Pasha (1580-83)
Ibrahim Pasha (1583-85)
Sanan Pasha (1585-87)
Ouis Pasha (1587-91)
Hafiz Pasha (1591-95)
Mohamed Pasha (1595-96)
Mohamed Pasha El-Sharif (1596-98)
Khedr Pasha (1598-1601)
Ali Pasha (1601-3)
Ibrahim Pasha (1603-4)
Mohamed Pasha (1604-5)
Hassan Pasha (1605-7)
Mohamed Pasha Moamar (1607-11)
Mohamed Pasha Sadafi (1611-15)
Ahmed Pasha (1615-18)
Moustafa Pasha (1618-19)
Gaafar Pasha (1619)
Moustafa Pasha Hamidi (1619-20)
Hussein Pasha (1620-22)
Mohamed Pasha (1622)
Ibrahim Pasha (1622-23)
Moustafa Pasha Qurah (1623)
Ali Pasha (1623)
Moustafa Pasha (1624-25)
Bairam Pasha (1626-28)
Mohamed Pasha (1628-30)
Moussa Pasha (1630)
Khalil Pasha (1631-32)
Bekeirgi Pasha (1632-35)
Hussein Pasha (1635-37)
Mohamed Pasha Gawan (1637-40)
Moustafa Pasha (1640-42)
Mansour Pasha (1642-44)
Ayub Pasha (1644-46)
Haydar Pasha (1646-7)
Moustafa Pasha Sanari (1647)
Mohamed Pasha (1647-49)
Ahmed Pasha (1649-50)
Abd El-Rahman Pasha (1650-52)
Khasky Pasha (1652-56)
Moustafa Pasha (1656-57)
Mohamed Pasha Zada (1657-60)
Moustafa Pasha (1660-61)
Ibrahim Pasha (1661-64)
Omar Pasha (1664-67)
Ibrahim Pasha Sufi (1667-68)
Qurah Qash Pasha (1668-69)
Katkhuda Pasha (1669-73)
Hussein Pasha (1673-75)
Ahmed Pasha (1675-76)
Abd El-Rahman Pasha (1676-80)
Osman Pasha (1680-83)
Hamza Pasha (1683-87)
Katkhuda Hassan Pasha (1687)
Hassan Pasha (1687-89)
Ahmed Pasha (1689-91)
Ali Pasha (1691-95)
Ismail Pasha (1695-97)
Hussein Pasha (1697-99)
Qurah Pasha (1699-1704)
Suliman Pasha (1704)
Mohamed Pasha (1704-06)
Muslim Pasha (1706-07)
Hassan Pasha (second time)(1707-09)
Ibrahim Pasha (1709-10)
Khalil Pasha (1710)
Wali Pasha (1711-14)
Eibedi Pasha (1714-16)
Ali Pasha (1716-20)
Ragab Pasha (1720-21)
Mohamed Pasha (1721-25)
Ali Pasha (1725)
Mohamed Pasha (second time)(1726-27)
Abu Bakr Pasha (1727-29)
Kaburli Pasha (1729-33)
Mohamed Pasha (1733)
Osman Pasha (1733-34)
Abu Bakr Pasha (second time)(1734-36)
Suliman Pasha (1739-40)
Ali Pasha (1740-41)
Yehia Pasha (1741-43)
Mohamed Pasha (1743-44)
Mohamed Ragheb Pasha (1744-48)
Ahmed Pasha (1748-1750)
Abdallah Pasha (1750-52)
Mohamed Amin Pasha (1752)
Moustafa Pasha (1752-55)
Ali Hakim Pasha (1755-57)
Mohamed Said Pasha (1757)
Moustafa Pasha (1757-60)
Ahmed Pasha (1760-61)
Bakir Pasha (1761-62)
Hassan Pasha (1762-65)
Hamza Pasha (1765-67)
Mohamed Raqim Pasha (1767-68)
Mohamed Orphalli (1768)
Mohamed Abu El-Dahab (1773)
Khalil Pasha (1774)
Moustafa Pasha (1774-75)
Ibrahim Pasha (1775-76)
Mohamed Ezzat Pasha (1776-78)
Ra’ef Pasha (1778-79)
Ibrahim Pasha (1779)
Ismail Pasha (1779-81)
Mohamed Yakin Pasha (1781-82)
Sharif Pasha (1782-83)
Mohamed Salahdar (1783-84)
Sharif Mohamed Pasha (1784-86)
Ebeidi Pasha (1786-89)
Ismail Pasha Tunsi (1789-91)
Mohamed Pasha (1791-94)
Salih Pasha (1794-96)
Sayyid Pasha (1796)

French Occupation Period Napolean Years

British Occupation Period 1883-1942

Now you see why our story has become lost,

Hotep, need i say more.

Time Line

There were 31 dynasties in ancient Kemet spanning from 2920-332 BC.

Early Dynastic Period

Old Kingdom

First Intermediate Period

Middle Kingdom

Second Intermediate Period

New Kingdom

Third Intermediate Period

Late Period


Early Dynastic Period

Dynasty I - 3100-2890 Rulers

• Narmer
• Aha
• Djer
• Djet
• Den
• Anendjib
• Semerkhet
• Qa'a Major Accomplishments
  A unified Kemet--spanning 1,000 km between the Delta and the Aswan cataract
  Military expeditions into western Asia and Sinai, as recorded on the Cairo fragment of the royal annals, depicts what was called "The Year of Smiting the Land of the Stjt ."
  

Dynasty II - 2890-2686 Rulers

• Hetepsekhemwy (Hotepsekhemwy), Reneb (Nebra)
• Ninetjer (Nynetjer),
• Peribsen (Seth-Peribsen),
• Khasekhemwy Major Accomplishments
• Old Kingdom

Dynasty III - 2686 - 2575 Rulers

• Sanakhte (Nebka?) 2686 - 2668
• Djoser (Netcherihke) 2668 - 2649
• Sekh emkhet 2649 - 2643
• Khaba 2643 - 2637
• Huni 2637 - 2613 Major Accomplishments

Dynasty IV - 2613-2498 Rulers

• Sneferu 2613 - 2589
• Khufu 2589 - 2566
• Radjedef (Djedefre) 2566 - 2558
• Khafre (Ra'kha'ef) 2558 - 2532
• Menkaure 2532 - 2504
• Shepseskaf 2504 - 2500 Major Accomplishments
  

Dynasty V - 2465-2323 Rulers

• Userkef 2498 - 2491
• Sahure 2491 - 2477
• Neferirkare Kakai 2477 - 2467
• Shepseskare Ini 2467 - 2460
• Raneferef 2460 - 2453
• Neuserre Izi 2453 - 2422
• Menkauhor 2422 - 2414
• Djedkare Isesi 2414 - 2375
• Unas (Wenis) 2375 - 2345 Major Accomplishments
  

Dynasty VI - 2345-2181 Rulers

• Teti 2345 - 2333
• Pepi I 2332 - 2283
• Merenre 2283 - 2278
• Pepi II 2278 - 2184 Major Accomplishments

First Intermediate Period The three intermediate periods are times of tremendous governmental instability marked by short. overlapping reigns and disunity.

Dynasties VII and Viii - 2150-2135 Rulers

• Netrikare
• Menkare
• Neferkare II
• Neferkare III
• Djedkare II
• Neferkare IV
• Merenhor
• Menkamin I
• Nikare
• Neferkare V
• Neferkahor
• Neferkare VI
• Neferkamin II
• Ibi I
• Neferkaure
• Neferkauhor
• Neferirkare II

• Major Accomplishments
  Pharaohs About Whom Little Is known
  Wadjkare
  Sekhemkare
  Iti
  Imhotep
  Isu
  Iytenu

Dynasties IX and X - 2135-1986 Rulers

Neferkare
several kings named Kheti
Meri-Hathor (?)
Merikare Major Accomplishments

Dynasty XI - 2134-2060 Rulers

Inyotef I (Sehertawy) 2134 - 2117
Inyotef II (Wahankh) 2117-2069
Inyotef III (Nakhtnebtepnefer) 2069 - 2060

Major Accomplishments

Middle Kingdom

Dynasty XI - 2134-1991 Rulers

Mentuhotep I 2060 - 2010
Mentuhotep II 2010 - 1998
Mentuhotep III 1997 - 1991 Major Accomplishments

Dynasty XII - 1991-1782 Rulers

Amenemhet I 1991 - 1962
Senusret I 1971 - 1926
Amenemhet II 1929 - 1895
Senusret II 1897 - 1878
Senusret III 1878 - 1841
Amenemhet III 1842 - 1797
Amenemhet IV 1798 - 1786
Queen Sobeknefru 1785 - 1782 Major Accomplishments
Second Intermediate Period The Hyksos invade and conquer. Eventually the Theban princes regain power. Kamose defeats the Hyksos.

Dynasty XIII - 1783-? Rulers

Wegaf 1783-1779
Amenemhat-senebef
Sekhemre-khutawi
Amenemhat V
Sehetepibre I
Iufni
Amenemhat VI
Semenkare
Sehetepibre II
Sewadjkare
Nedjemibre
Sobekhotep I
Reniseneb
Hor I
Amenemhat VII
Sobekhotep II
Khendjer
Imira-mesha
Antef IV
Seth
Sobekhotep III
Neferhotep I 1696 - 1686
Sihathor 1685 - 1685
Sobekhotep IV 1685 - 1678
Sobekhotep V 1678 - 1674
Iaib 1674 - 1664
Ay 1664 - 1641
Ini I
Sewadjtu
Ined
Hori
Sobekhotep VI
Dedumes I
Ibi II
Hor II
Senebmiu
Sekhanre I
Merkheperre
Merikare Major Accomplishments

Dynasty XIV ?-? Rulers

Nehesi
Khatire
Nebfaure
Sehabre
Meridjefare
Sewadjkare
Heribre
Sankhibre
Kanefertemre
Neferibre
Ankhkare, ... Major Accomplishments

Dynasty XV ?-? Rulers
Salitis
Bnon
Apachnan (Khian)
Apophis (Auserre Apepi)
Khamudi

Dynasty XVI Rulers

Anat-Her
User-anat
Semqen
Zaket
Wasa
Qar
Pepi III
Bebankh
Nebmaatre
Nikare II
Aahotepre
Aaneterire
Nubankhre
Nubuserre
Khauserre
Khamure
Jacob-Baal
Yakbam
Yoam
Amu, ...

Dynasty XVII ?-? Rulers

Antef V
Rahotep
Sobekemzaf I
Djehuti
Mentuhotep VII
Nebirau I
Nebirau II
Semenenre
Suserenre
Sobekemzaf II
Antef VI
Antef VII
Tao I (Senakhtenre)
Tao II (Sekenenre)
Kamose (Wadjkheperre) Major Accomplishments

New Kingdom

Dynasty XVIII - 1570-1293 Rulers

Ahmose I 1570 - 1546
Amenhotep I 1551 - 1524
Tuthmosis I 1524 - 1518
Tuthmosis II 1528 - 1504
Tuthmosis III 1504 - 1450
Queen Hatshepsut 1498 - 1483
Amenhotep II 1453 - 1419
Tuthmosis IV 1419 - 1386
Amenhotep III 1386 - 1349
Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton) 1350 - 1334
Smenkhkare 1336 - 1334
Tutankhamun 1334 - 1325
Ay 1325 - 1321
Horemheb 1321 - 1293 Major Accomplishments

Dynasty XIX - 1293-1185 Rulers

Ramesses I 1291 - 1291
Seti I 1291 - 1278
Ramesses II 1279 - 1212
Merneptah 1212 - 1202
Amenmesses 1202 - 1199
Seti II 1199 - 1193
Siptah 1193 - 1187
Queen Twosret 1187 - 1185 Major Accomplishments

Dynasty XX - 1185-1070 Rulers

Setnakhte 1185 - 1182
Ramesses III 1182 - 1151
Ramesses IV 1151 - 1145
Ramesses V 1145 - 1141
Ramesses VI 1141 - 1133
Ramesses VII 1133 - 1126
Ramesses VIII 1133 - 1126
Ramesses IX 1126 - 1108
Ramesses X 1108 - 1098
Ramesses IV 1098 - 1070 Major Accomplishments

Third Intermediate Period The capital is moved from one city to another several times during this particularly turbulant period

Dynasty XXI - Split Kingdom - 1080-945 Rulers

Northern Kings
Southern Rulers at Thebes
Smedes 1070-1044
Herihor 1080-1074
Amenemnisu 1040
Piankh 1074-1070
Psusennes I 1040-992
Pinedjem I 1070-1032
Amenope 993-984
Masaherta 1054-1046
Osochor 984-978
Menkheperre 1045-992
Siamun 978-959
Smendes II 992-990
Psusennes II 959-945
Pinedjem II 990-969
Psusennes III 969-945 Major Accomplishments

Dynasty XXII - 945-712 Rulers

Shoshenq I 945-924
Osorkon I 924-909
Takelot 909--?
Shoshenq II ?--883
Osorkon II 883-855
Takelot II 860-835
Shoshenq III 835-783
Pami 783-773
Shoshenq IV 773-735
Osorkon IV 735-712 Major Accomplishments

Dynasty XXIII - 828--725 Rulers

Pedubaste I 828-803
Osorkon IV 777-749
Peftjauwybast 740-725 Major Accomplishments

Dynasty XXIV - 725-715 Rulers

Shepsesre Tefnakht I 725-720
Wahkare Bakenranef 720-715 Major Accomplishments

Late Period

Dynasty XXV - 747-657 Rulers

Piye 747-716 BC
Shebaka 712-698
Shebitku 698-690
Taharqa 690-664
Tantamani 664-657 Major Accomplishments

Dynasty XXVI - 664-525 Rulers

Psammetichus I (Psam-tik) 664-610
Nekau (Necho) II 610-595
Psammetichus II 595-589
Apries 589-570
Amasis 570-526
Psammetichus III 526-525 Major Accomplishments

Dynasty XXVII - 525-404 Rulers

Cambyses 525-522
Darius I 521-486
Xerxes I 486-466
Artaxerxes I 465-424
Darius II 424-404 Major Accomplishments

Dynasty XXVIII - 404-399 Rulers
Amyrtaios 404-399 Major Accomplishments

Dynasty XXIX - 399-380 Rulers

Nepherites I 399-393
Psammuthis 393
Hakoris 393-380
Nepherites II 380 Major Accomplishments

Dynasty XXX - 380-343 Rulers

Nectanebo I 380-362
Teos 365-360
Nectanebo II 360-343 Major Accomplishments

Dynasty XXXI - Second Persian Period - 343-332 Rulers

Ochus (Artaxerxes III) 343-338
Arses 338-336
Darius III Codomannus 335-332

Dynastic Period

In Kemet there really was no divide between the spiritual and mundane aspects of life for the Kemetians. The political, social and economic practices of the society were directly influenced by the spiritual overstanding or how such practices should be carried out.
Even buildings were built according to divine laws.

However, in this post we can look at some interesting facts about ancient Kemet.

The earliest Kemetians formed an agricultural society around the then fertile Nile valley about five thousand years ago. Their civilization lasted for some three thousand years longer than any other civilization known to man.

Politcs

The word Pharaoh means "great house" and was used to refer to the ruler's palace until the New Kingdom when it it was used in refence to the ruler himself. The ruler was sometimes refered to as nefer netjer "good god" and sometimes as aa netjer "great god."

The rulers also had five royal titles one of which he received at birth the other four were bestwed upon him when he was crowned. The first two refered to him as the ruler of the two lands that were united" "the Sedge and the Bee" Nesw Bity and "He of the Two Ladies" Nebty . The other two, "Horus" Heru and "Golden Horus " Nebw , symbolize his identification with God. In fact. at his coronation the ruler wold re-enact the ascension of Heru to the throne after the death of his father Osiris.

Society

Civilization of ancient Kemet began long before the Europeans came out of their caves and it lasted many thousands of years before the europeans came out of thier cave and destroyed it. This civiliztion was not based in any respect on the ideals or worldviews of Europe or any other non-African society.

In general ancient Kemetian society was predicated upon its spiritual system. Spirituality was so much an integral part of every aspect of society that they did not even give it a name such as Christianity or Buddhism. Spirituality did not stand apart as a category of society separate from other categories such as religion, government, education etc

Order in the land was maintained by a system that effectively developed the moral faculties in people, and by only allowing such men and women who had developed their moral faculties to hold positions of government. (quote from Neter Ra Un Amen's book)

Compare this to western society where order js maintained by law makers, law enforcement officers and religious leaders who are no more morally and/or spiritually developed than those they are trying to control. Also compare this to western religions which teach that man is inherently evil and incapable of internal moral discipline and so such religions merely give people systems of fables to believe and contradictory moral doctrines to try to follow exoterically.
There are many aspects of Kemetian society that deserve exploration.

However, for the purpose of this post we will focus on a few of the most fundamental aspcts.

• Education
• Family
• Occupations
• Rites of Passage

Predynastic Period

Previously archeologists believed that the transition between Predynastic and Dynastic was the result of a brutal series of revolutions and warfare resulting from the discovery of metallurgy and the new social structures such as cities, individual dwellings, and writing. Yet as more and more details of this period emerged, we see that it was nothing of the sort, but rather the slow process of technological evolution.

The Predynastic period is comprised of three distinct staged of development.

Chalcolithic (5,500 BC)

AKA the "Primitive" Predynastic, marks the beginning of the true Predynastic cultures. For the most part the south, especially the Baldarian, practiced an agraian culture while the north depended heavily on hunting and fishing.

Amratian (4,500 BC)

This period is marked by true architecture, individual dwellings, towns and even "urban planning." The Kemetian artist also came into his own with beautiful geometric shapes in paintings and carvings and the well known dancing figurines of women with upraided arms.

Gerzean (4,000 BC)

Although the Amratian period is often designated Naqada I while the Gerzean period is often designated Naqada Ii these are two distinct cultures. During the Gerzean period the north begins to have a great ingluence on the south creating a mingling between the two. Gerzean artistry also evinces that they were familiar with subsesert animals such as the ostrich and the Ibexes which were not found in the Nile region. We also began to see the first depictions of mythological imagery . Most of these mythological images are shown riding in boats and carrying standards very much like the standards later used to represent Kemetian provinces.

Back in the Day

Geological evidence indicates that early humans were in Egypt 700,000 years ago. To date, the oldest tools found in the lower Nile Valley have been found in and near the cliffs of Abu Simbel, just across the river from where, millennia later, the descendants of these people would build the temple of Rameses II.

"Slightly" later, dating to approximately 500,000 years ago, are various finds of stone tools, including the stone axes that the Lower Paleolithic is noted for. Gertrude Caton-Thompson and Elinor Gardner report industry in the Achulean Period (c. 250,000 - 90,000 BC) of the Lower and Middle Paleolithic.

One of the most important finds from the Achulean Period is known as Arkin 8, discovered by Polish archaeologist Waldemar Chmielewski near the the Nile Valley town of Wadi Halfa. Arkin 8, unlike many Paleolithic sites in Egypt, was not only remarkably well-preserved, but astonishingly rich. Arkin 8 boasts the earliest known house-like structures in Egypt and the Sudan, some of the oldest buildings in the world.

During the middle paleolithic period the Mousterian Pluvial allowed human culture to flourish and spread throughout the regions of northern Africa. For roughly twenty thousand years (between 50,000-30,000 years ago) our still Neanderthal ancestors developed the Aterian and Khormusan Industries which standardized the making of various tools that greatly increased the efficiency of their lives in many areas.

The Mousterian Pluvial ended a few centuries before the beginning of the Upper paleolithic period causing the dispersed African population to move closer to the Nile to escape the encrouching desert conditions of the Sahara. Most of the known data about this period comes from the archelogical site Kom Ombo located on the east bank of the Nile in the southern area of Upper Egypt. Based on the artifacts they left behing the technological developments in Kemet were not parallel with those found in Europe. While the Kemetians seemed to be behing the Europeans in the rather backward way they made burins.

However, the discovery of the Silsillian (c. 13,000 BC) effectively puts the early Kemetians back at the forefront of prehistoric technological development. Sisillian was a highly-developed microblade industry that included truncated blades, blades of unusual shapes made specifically for one task, and most significant of all, a wide variety of bladelets for mounting onto spears, darts, and arrows. There is almost no trace of earlier techniques such as Levalloisian, and Silsillian blades in some cases are thousands of years ahead of anything found in Europe from this period.

Sisillians ushered in the creation of microliths--small bladed used mostly as sickles which sets the date for dome primitive form of farming much earlier than was thought. The concentration of artifacts found in the small sites of the Halfan people gfives evidence that these early (18,000-15,000 BC) Kemetians were not wandering nomads but had sttled into more or less stable communities.

As additional evidence of the advanced nature of these prehistoric Kemetian cultures archeologist have found three Qadan cemeteries are: one at Tushka, and two at Jebel Sahaba, one on each side of the river. Along with these cemetaries is evidence of ritual burial.

Probably due to climatic conditions for some reason the Kemetians abandoned farming and herding shortly ater they were developed and returned to a nomadic hunter-gatherer culture. Fatal wounds found in a strikenly large number of the bodies in these cemetaries during the last 10,000 years of the paleolithic period suggests that these people were attacked en masse--possibly by invaders seeking to take over the regions of the Nile as the Sahara continued to succomb to aridity after the end of the Mousterian Pluvian. This is likely for throughout history scarcity haas prompted more aggressive peoples to attack andmassacre peoples who live in lands of comparative plenty.

Around 6 or 7,000 BC while the rest of the world at large was still in the darkness of primitivism, the Predynastic Kemetians were already creating a world of beauty. The periods known as the Epipaleolithic and Predynastic saw the Kemetians replacing stone tools with metal ones, tanning, decorative pottery, jewelry, weaving, carpentry and a return to settlements with farming.

This is also when they developed their spiritual beliefs in life after death as expressed by the placement of artifacts and food in tombs for the survival and comfort of the dead. Interestingly enough, the dead were buried in a fetal position facing West. This was symbolic of following the sun (Heru/karast plagirised as jesus) into the afterworld.

Ourstory

Hetep

We know all about his story even the parts we weren't supposed to know.
It's our story we are interested in here.
Any description of the history of ancient Kemet is a description of the history of the world. Our brothers and sisters of the Nile go waaaaay back. History is a relative term. Since people around the world were at various stages of development at any given point in time what is prehistory for one group is only ancient times for another. Even if you're not a history buff you may find this blog quite interesting, there will be articles about kemetic history, articles about where corruption begun, and the outcome of such corruption. this is where you will find most of the mysteries of life unfolded for the first time, in front of your very eyes.

Enjoy, read with an out of the box mind.

Shem Hotep ( I come in peace)

Kaom Sebai